{"features":[{"geometry":{"coordinates":[19.1451,51.9194],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Germany","Soviet Union","Poland"],"atlas_role":"war-opening campaign","commanders":["Walther von Brauchitsch","Edward Rydz-Smigly"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1939-10-06","forces":"German, Soviet, and Polish forces","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_invasion_poland","name":"Invasion of Poland","outcome":"Partition and occupation of Poland","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1939-09-01","summary":"Opening campaign of the Second World War in Europe. In atlas reading it establishes the war-opening partition geography, occupation frame, and eastern/western invasion logic.","theater":"Europe","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[2.2137,46.2276],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Germany","France","United Kingdom","Belgium","Netherlands"],"atlas_role":"western-front collapse","commanders":["Gerd von Rundstedt","Maurice Gamelin","Maxime Weygand"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1940-06-25","forces":"German Army Groups A and B, Allied armies","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_battle_france","name":"Battle of France","outcome":"German occupation of northern and western France","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1940-05-10","summary":"German campaign through the Low Countries and France. Use this as the 1940 western operational hinge connecting breakthrough, evacuation, occupation and the collapse of the prewar continental balance.","theater":"Western Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.1276,51.5072],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["United Kingdom","Germany"],"atlas_role":"air campaign / strategic defense","commanders":["Hugh Dowding","Hermann Goering"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1940-10-31","forces":"RAF Fighter Command and Luftwaffe air fleets","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_battle_britain","name":"Battle of Britain","outcome":"German air offensive failed to gain air superiority","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1940-07-10","summary":"Air campaign over Britain. It should be read as an air-superiority and invasion-prevention layer rather than a land battle geometry.","theater":"Western Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[30.0,54.5],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Germany","Soviet Union"],"atlas_role":"eastern-front opening","commanders":["Adolf Hitler","Franz Halder","Georgy Zhukov"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1941-12-05","forces":"Axis army groups and Soviet fronts","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_barbarossa","name":"Operation Barbarossa","outcome":"Initial Axis advances halted before Moscow","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1941-06-22","summary":"Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. In the atlas it is the main 1941 eastern-front transformation: border invasion, deep advances, encirclements and the beginning of a continental war of attrition.","theater":"Eastern Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[30.3351,59.9343],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Germany","Finland","Soviet Union"],"atlas_role":"siege / civilian-impact anchor","commanders":["Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb","Leonid Govorov"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1944-01-27","forces":"Army Group North and Soviet Leningrad Front","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_siege_leningrad","name":"Siege of Leningrad","outcome":"Siege lifted by Soviet operations","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1941-09-08","summary":"Long siege and blockade around Leningrad. Read as an urban, logistical and humanitarian record linked to frontlines and civilian-impact layers.","theater":"Eastern Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[37.6173,55.7558],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Germany","Soviet Union"],"atlas_role":"eastern-front turning point","commanders":["Fedor von Bock","Georgy Zhukov"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1942-01-07","forces":"Army Group Center and Soviet Western Front","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_battle_moscow","name":"Battle of Moscow","outcome":"German offensive halted and pushed back","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1941-10-02","summary":"German advance toward Moscow and Soviet counteroffensive. Use it as the winter 1941 operational turning point where rapid invasion shifted into prolonged eastern-front war.","theater":"Eastern Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[44.5133,48.708],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Germany","Soviet Union","Romania","Italy","Hungary"],"atlas_role":"encirclement / turning point","commanders":["Friedrich Paulus","Vasily Chuikov","Aleksandr Vasilevsky"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1943-02-02","forces":"German Sixth Army and Soviet fronts","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_stalingrad","name":"Battle of Stalingrad","outcome":"Soviet victory and Axis strategic reversal","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1942-08-23","summary":"Urban battle and encirclement on the Volga. In atlas terms it is a combined city, river, logistics and encirclement record, not just a point battle.","theater":"Eastern Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[20.0,30.0],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["United Kingdom","Germany","Italy","United States","Free France"],"atlas_role":"mediterranean corridor campaign","commanders":["Erwin Rommel","Bernard Montgomery","Dwight D. Eisenhower"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1943-05-13","forces":"Axis and Allied desert armies","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_north_africa","name":"North African Campaign","outcome":"Axis surrender in Tunisia","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1940-06-10","summary":"Campaign across North Africa linking desert warfare, ports, supply routes and Mediterranean strategy. Read it as a theater corridor rather than one continuous front line.","theater":"Mediterranean / North Africa","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[36.1926,51.7304],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Germany","Soviet Union"],"atlas_role":"armored battle / initiative shift","commanders":["Erich von Manstein","Walter Model","Georgy Zhukov","Konstantin Rokossovsky"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1943-08-23","forces":"German armored formations and Soviet fronts","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_kursk","name":"Battle of Kursk","outcome":"Soviet victory after German offensive failed","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1943-07-05","summary":"Large armored battle and Soviet defensive-offensive sequence. Use as a 1943 eastern-front benchmark for attrition, operational depth and initiative shift.","theater":"Eastern Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.55,49.3],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["United States","United Kingdom","Canada","Germany","Free France"],"atlas_role":"amphibious invasion / liberation opening","commanders":["Dwight D. Eisenhower","Bernard Montgomery","Gerd von Rundstedt"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1944-08-30","forces":"Allied expeditionary forces and German western armies","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_overlord","name":"Operation Overlord / Normandy","outcome":"Allied lodgement and breakout from Normandy","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1944-06-06","summary":"Allied Normandy landing and breakout. Read with naval, air, beachhead, logistics and western-front layers as a multi-domain operation.","theater":"Western Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[27.56,53.9],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Soviet Union","Germany"],"atlas_role":"eastern-front collapse operation","commanders":["Konstantin Rokossovsky","Ivan Chernyakhovsky","Walter Model"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1944-08-19","forces":"Soviet fronts and German Army Group Center","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_bagration","name":"Operation Bagration","outcome":"Destruction of much of Army Group Center","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1944-06-22","summary":"Soviet summer 1944 offensive that destroyed Army Group Centre. In atlas reading it is the major eastern-front collapse and liberation/advance frame.","theater":"Eastern Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[13.405,52.52],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Soviet Union","Germany","Poland"],"atlas_role":"war-closing urban operation","commanders":["Georgy Zhukov","Ivan Konev","Helmuth Weidling"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1945-05-02","forces":"Soviet fronts and German Berlin defense","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_berlin","name":"Battle of Berlin","outcome":"Capture of Berlin and collapse of Nazi Germany","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"ww2_seed_registry","start_date":"1945-04-16","summary":"Final Soviet offensive and urban battle ending the war in Europe. Use as a closing operational frame linked to occupation and postwar settlement layers.","theater":"Eastern Front","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[-157.95,21.35],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Japan","United States"],"atlas_role":"pacific-war entry node","commanders":["Isoroku Yamamoto","Husband E. Kimmel"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1941-12-07","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_pearl_harbor","name":"Attack on Pearl Harbor","outcome":"United States enters the war after Japanese attack","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"nara_ww2_photos","start_date":"1941-12-07","summary":"Japanese carrier attack on Pearl Harbor. Read as the Pacific-war entry node and naval-air shock event, not a land campaign.","theater":"Pacific","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[-177.35,28.2],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["United States","Japan"],"atlas_role":"carrier battle / initiative shift","commanders":["Chester W. Nimitz","Isoroku Yamamoto"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1942-06-07","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_midway","name":"Battle of Midway","outcome":"Decisive U.S. carrier victory","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"us_army_cmh_campaigns","start_date":"1942-06-04","summary":"Carrier battle that shifted the strategic initiative in the Pacific. Use as a naval-air operational point inside the broader oceanic theater.","theater":"Pacific","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[160.145,-9.577],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["United States","Japan","Allies"],"atlas_role":"pacific attrition campaign","commanders":["Alexander Vandegrift","Harukichi Hyakutake"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1943-02-09","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_guadalcanal","name":"Guadalcanal Campaign","outcome":"Allied victory in the Solomon Islands","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"us_army_cmh_campaigns","start_date":"1942-08-07","summary":"Campaign for Guadalcanal and surrounding sea lanes. Read as a combined land-naval-air attrition campaign and Pacific logistics hinge.","theater":"Pacific","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[12.5,42.5],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["Allies","Germany","Italy"],"atlas_role":"mediterranean land campaign","commanders":["Harold Alexander","Albert Kesselring"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1945-05-02","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_italian_campaign","name":"Italian Campaign","outcome":"Allied advance through Italy","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"us_army_cmh_campaigns","start_date":"1943-09-03","summary":"Allied campaign through Italy. In atlas reading it is a mountain, amphibious, urban and political transition corridor across the Mediterranean theater.","theater":"Mediterranean / North Africa","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[141.29,24.75],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["United States","Japan"],"atlas_role":"island battle","commanders":["Holland Smith","Tadamichi Kuribayashi"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1945-03-26","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_iwo_jima","name":"Battle of Iwo Jima","outcome":"U.S. capture of Iwo Jima","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"us_army_cmh_campaigns","start_date":"1945-02-19","summary":"Island battle linked to airfields, naval approach and late-war Pacific strategy. Read as an island-operational node with high source sensitivity.","theater":"Pacific","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[127.75,26.5],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["United States","Japan","United Kingdom"],"atlas_role":"island campaign / war-closing pressure","commanders":["Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.","Mitsuru Ushijima"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1945-06-22","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_okinawa","name":"Battle of Okinawa","outcome":"Allied capture of Okinawa","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"us_army_cmh_campaigns","start_date":"1945-04-01","summary":"Late-war island campaign before the end of the Pacific war. Use as a combined amphibious, air, naval and civilian-impact record.","theater":"Pacific","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"},{"geometry":{"coordinates":[96.0,22.0],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"actors":["China","United States","United Kingdom","Japan"],"atlas_role":"cbi theater anchor","commanders":["Joseph Stilwell","Chiang Kai-shek"],"confidence":"contextual","end_date":"1945-08-15","geometry_status":"schematic","id":"operation_china_burma_india","name":"China-Burma-India theater operations","outcome":"Allied theater operations against Japanese forces in Burma/China context","reading_note":"Curated operational seed; use with fronts, zones, cities, source points and archival records before making tactical claims.","record_quality":"showcase_curated_summary","review_status":"seed_record","source":"hyperwar_ibiblio","start_date":"1942-01-01","summary":"Theater-level operations across China, Burma and India. Read as a logistics, road, airlift and regional-war layer rather than a single campaign point.","theater":"China-Burma-India","type":"operation"},"type":"Feature"}],"type":"FeatureCollection"}